Hot Topic with Dr. Gordon Christensen Dr. Christensen Presents the Latest in Glass Ionomers

This show opens with Ruddle sharing some of his excitement around Major League Baseball’s spring training. Next, Ruddle discusses the major contributions Dr. Gordon Christensen has made in dentistry before a very special guest presentation by Dr. Christensen on a hot topic of his choice. After, Ruddle follows up with some of his own commentary to close out Dr. Christensen’s presentation. Stay tuned for the end of the show for a very emotional Show & Tell.

Categories

Show Content & Timecodes


00:09 - INTRO: Baseball's Spring Training
05:17 - SEGMENT 1: Dr. Gordon Christensen Presents a Hot Topic
30:47 - SEGMENT 2: Post-Presentation Discussion
37:22 - CLOSE: Show & Tell

Extra content referenced within show:

  • Practical Clinical Courses: www.pccdental.com
  • Clinicians Report: www.cliniciansreport.org
  • Clinicians Report Reprint "EndoActivator" (see downloadable PDF below)

  • Select PDF content displayed below. See Ruddle's complete library of downloadable PDF content at www.endoruddle.com/pdfs

    See also Ruddle's complete Just-In-Time® Video Library at www.endoruddle.com/jit

    Downloadable PDFs & Related Materials

    Clinicians Report Reprint
    "EndoActivator"
    Jun 2009

    Dr. Gordon Christensen's Clinicians Report on EndoActivator: "Easy and Effective Agitation of Endo Irrigation Solutions"

    Related Polls
    Disclaimer

    This transcript is made available by The Ruddle Show in an effort to share opinions and information, and as an added service. Since all show text has been transcribed by a third party, grammatical errors and/or misspellings may occur. As such, we encourage you to listen/watch the show whenever possible and use the transcript for your own general, personal information. Any reproduction of show content (visual, audio or written) is strictly forbidden.

    INTRO: Baseball’s Spring Training

    Lisette

    Welcome to The Ruddle Show. I’m Lisette, and this is my dad, Cliff Ruddle. Are you excited to be filming another Ruddle Show?

    Cliff

    I am. I’m exactly happy to be here. Two left this season, and then, more beyond.

    Lisette

    Okay. Well, it’s springtime now, and that means that it’s Major League Baseball spring training. And for those of you who do not know, why don’t you enlighten us about the Cactus League and the Grapefruit League?

    Cliff

    Oh, great. So, there’s 30 teams in Major League Baseball. 15 play, roughly, in the National League, 15 play in the American League. And as a preparation for the season, which is a long one, 162 games, they go to Florida. That’s been called the Grapefruit League. And then, the other half go to Arizona, and that’s called the Cactus League. So, it's a great place to go, watch a few games, and see maybe some new talent. Speaking of “Something old is new again,” new players coming and going, in 1918, a guy that pitched for the Boston Red Sox – probably none of you have ever heard of him. He was a pitcher named Babe Ruth.

    And he got forced into action that day, because what happened is, their first baseman was injured, and they said, “Babe, you go play first base.” And he said, “Well, I’m not an infielder, and I don’t know how to bat.” His first at-bat, he hit a homerun, and his second at-bat, he hit one 573 feet. It left the stadium. It went across a big boulevard that was outside the stadium, kept traveling outbound, and landed in an alligator pond at an alligator farm.

    Lisette

    [laughs]

    Cliff

    So, spring training brings us new players, new looks, and Babe Ruth went on to be called the “Sultan of Swat.”

    Lisette

    Okay [laughingly]. Well, I know that when Isaac played Little League, every year around this time, there was quite a few families that made road trips to Arizona, to watch spring training.

    Cliff

    Oh, right.

    Lisette

    And it was like a tradition for them.

    Cliff

    Well, back to these two leagues, the Cactus and the Grapefruit League, it wasn’t always like this, but in recent years, the owners have plowed millions of dollars into these stadiums, because it’s always about money, it seems like. But they attract a lot of cold-weather fans. People from Chicago, the Northeast, where it’s really still winter, they love to go to the Cactus and the Grapefruit League, because it’s sunny, it’s warm. The stadiums are cozy, they’re throw-back stadiums. They seat about 10,000. With COVID this year, they’re going to let about 2,500 in. But they have all kinds of food. They get to get close to the players. They get more autographs. They get to talk to rookies. So, yeah. It’s a pilgrimage.

    Lisette

    Well --

    Cliff

    Oh, and I might add, in Arizona, the stadiums, all of them, are within 57 minutes of each other.

    Lisette

    -- okay. By car?

    Cliff

    Yeah. So, if you like staying in Scottsdale or Phoenix, every day you can go to watch teams.

    Lisette

    Okay. Well, I know last year, spring training had a little bit of a different look, because COVID was becoming a problem. And also, there was the baseball cheating scandal, which you might remember. Let’s – okay. There’s that graphic.

    Cliff

    Well, that’s – was about this time last year.

    Lisette

    Yeah. And if you don’t remember what the baseball cheating scandal was about, the Astros – the Houston Astros had some sign-stealing scheme that they used, just to summarize really quickly. And they used it against the Dodgers in, I guess it was maybe the 2017 World Series, and the Dodgers lost. And at – no Astros players got punished. So, that was kind of a thing. We actually did a little segment on it. But yeah. I guess the only punishment we thought was going to happen at the time was that when they went to play, all the fans would boo [laughs] them. But then, there were no fans. So, I guess, what was their punishment?

    Cliff

    Oh, that’s easy. The Dodgers won the World Series in 2020. That was the punishment.

    Lisette

    That was really exciting. That was probably one of the most exciting World Series I’ve ever seen. And not – I mean, just the whole playoffs, because the Dodgers were so close to losing, many times. And then --

    Cliff

    Oh, yeah.

    Lisette

    -- they ended up winning.

    Cliff

    And then, they had to play kind of in a little bubble. And probably what some of the international people don’t know, they didn’t even get to play in their home stadium, for four of the – theoretically, of seven World Series games. They played in Arlington, Texas.

    Lisette

    Right. So, I guess it was a little bit of redemption, when the Dodgers won. So, it’s a new beginning --

    Cliff

    Go, David Landwehr!

    Lisette

    -- [laughs] it’s a new beginning. And I’m excited to see what this season brings. But right now, we’re going to get on with our show. So, let’s get started.

    SEGMENT 1: Dr. Gordon Christensen Presents a Hot Topic

    Lisette

    Okay. So, today, we have a special guest presentation, which you will see momentarily. Every now and then, we thought it would be nice to have a guest clinician give a presentation that covers a topic that maybe my dad wouldn’t lecture on, being an endodontist. That said, we also recognize that many of our viewers represent all different disciplines of dentistry and would be interested in a variety of topics. So, today, we have a presentation by Dr. Gordon Christensen on something that he has identified as a hot topic.

    Cliff

    Yeah. I asked Gordon to lecture on hot topics, because he has his pulse, like I guess I would say I’ve – almost nobody I’ve ever met before, on what’s going on in dentistry worldwide. So, he’s an absolute authority on material science and its applications to restorative dentistry. So, that would make him an expert. Then, he is very good at his education. He’s a master teacher. He’s a gifted clinician, and he’s quite a resource for all kinds of education, tapes, articles, insights, things we’ll talk about. So, anyway – and he’s a friend. So, it was pretty easy to identify Gordon as contributing to interdisciplinary dentistry on The Ruddle Show.

    Lisette

    Well, for those of you who don’t already know Dr. Christensen -- and he is quite famous, so probably a lot of you do. But he is founder and CEO of Practical Clinical Courses, which is an educational company that offers courses in all disciplines of dentistry, including patient education. They also offer videos and articles. Then, he is also cofounder and CEO of the Clinicians Report Foundation, which tests new dental products and then reports results to the profession, so that clinicians can make more educated product purchases.

    Cliff

    And for many decades, he’s been an absolute shining North Star for the profession to follow, so we don’t end up with closets full of unused products, devices, and materials. So, to stimulate this network, 450 clinicians, unpaid, work under Gordon’s tutelage, 19 different countries, and they evaluate per year about 20,000 evaluations. And they’re looking at things – dental products like materials, devices, equipment, and even analyzing techniques.

    So, all this together, you get a lot of information, and you can save yourself a lot of heartache and false forays into the [laughs] – off the path of excellence, if you just stay tuned to something like this. As an example, many years ago, 2009, I believe, they studied the EndoActivator. It got rave reviews, and it was used around the country by different clinicians, and that’s how people have the confidence to buy things.

    Lisette

    And you can also trust him to publish the truth, too. So, when you send him the EndoActivator, whatever results he finds, those – that’s what’s going to be published.

    Cliff

    You do accept that.

    Lisette

    Okay. Well, it’s excellent that he – that the Foundation even exists. I know on our show we’ve talked a lot about the flood of new technology coming to market all the time, and how does the clinician know what is an improvement – what represents an improvement on what already exists. So, it’s great that this Foundation is here. Because even Gordon points out in his presentation that often, product information can be misleading, and sometimes it’s even false. And --

    Cliff

    Thank God we don’t have that in endodontics!

    Lisette

    -- [laughs] also, something also interesting is that Dr. Christensen’s wife, Dr. Rella Christensen, is also very involved in the Foundation. I think we have a picture to show of both of them.

    Cliff

    Fabulous! Well, you know something, Rella might be one of the actual true stars behind the scenes, because when Gordon gets all of this information – I mean, he’s highly involved. But let me just say, Rella has a PhD in physiology and microbiology, and she runs the in vivo. She’s wearing the blue coats. They – you’ll see this in the show. But anyway, she has a whole team and a whole floor, and they have patients come in. These patients are paid. The dentists aren’t paid. And they study restoratives, composites, glass ionomers, castings, and they have decades of research on this.

    So, they can tell you what’s working and what’s not working. And she runs TRAC, and TRAC stands for Technologies in Restorative and Caries Research. So, she’s a big part of the Clinicians Report, because a lot of the evidence comes from her team.

    Lisette

    Okay. So, Dr. Christensen, besides running Practical Clinical Courses and the CR Foundation, he’s also helped initiate two new dental schools. He has delivered over 50,000 hours of CE, lecturing worldwide. He has produced hundreds of multimedia dental presentations, published countless articles in textbooks, and also, on top of all of that, still maintains a private practice in Provo, Utah, as a prosthodontist. So [laughingly] --

    Cliff

    Gordon never sleeps!

    Lisette

    -- so, without further ado, let’s watch the presentation.

    [Presentation Begins]

    Christensen

    It’s a genuine pleasure for me to have the opportunity to spend a few minutes with your clients. And you asked me to get a hot topic, and that’s what my initial slide is.

    You’ll see I represent a couple of organizations, Clinicians Report, on the left logo, and Practical Clinical Courses, on the right. We have a huge team of people who work with us. We’ve got 50 people who are involved with all of the research. The white coats do the in vitro, the blue coats do the in vivo. In vivo runs as – we’ve got over 20 years of research on thousands of crowns and lasers and whatever! The black coats make all of the educational products that we have, and they’re sold internationally. That’s how we support ourselves, because we take no money from companies, and we take no money from the federal government, thank goodness! You’ve asked me to talk about a hot topic in this few minutes. It’s really surprising to me that that is the hottest topic that we’ve got in restorative dentistry right now: improved glass ionomers.

    Improved glass ionomers? What the heck is improved about them? A lot! Antimicrobiologic restoratives. This is the first time in the history of dentistry, when something in a resin material will kill the bugs that light on it. And it doesn’t dissipate. We’ll get on to that in a minute. Now, this next one shows very clearly glass ionomer and resin-modified glass ionomer materials. And if your screen is big enough, the way you’re showing it, you’ll see we have quite a few CR choices. On the left of that slide, you will see a lot of big green CRs. That means they were the best products.

    Dr. Rella Christensen, my wife, Dr. Rella has shown clearly that the only materials that actually impregnate ions into the adjacent tooth structure are the pure glass ionomers. Even the resin-modified glass ionomers have a problem, and the resins are pathetic! The resins that you’re putting in, in restorations, are frankly only a plug in the hole, with a wide-open Grand Canyon microscopically, all around a composite resin restoration. So, we are absolutely delighted to see coming very rapidly some antimicrobiologic materials. As you look at the glass ionomers, let’s start with those. The glass ionomers have changed markedly.

    Equia Forte GC and Equia Forte HT, from GC, have led this change. These glass ionomers are now far more easy to use. They’re more putty-like, when they get a little viscosity to them. They’re stronger. They’re easier to use. They are triturated, which is a little negative to me, but nevertheless, the Europeans seem to like it, and the Asians. So, that is GC. They’re the leader. 3M followed very rapidly after them, with Ketac Universal, from 3M. Ketac Universal is very similar to Equia Forte. And then, Voco came along with the IonoStar Plus, which is very comparable to the other two. They’re all a whole [with emphasis] new generation of glass ionomers. Literally, an entirely new generation. And interestingly enough -- let’s keep looking.

    There is a product now coming from the same company that makes the silver diamine fluoride, SMART Advantage, releasing more fluoride than any other product we have ever tested! Now, releasing of fluoride sounds good. It is! And since conventional glass ionomers have a contiguous apposition to the adjacent tooth structure and release the fluoride ion right into the tooth, many products that allege that right now do not do that. They just say they do it, and our research negates it. So, there’s SMART Advantage, coming from the same company that makes your silver diamine fluoride, and that’s what it looks like.

    The elevate SMART Advantage is one of the products you need to look at. Now, are the resin-modified glass ionomers any good? The answer is yes, that’s the – one of the most popular products, but they’ve changed it very recently into this concept, Automix LC. Much easier to mix, releasing a heck of a lot of fluoride, and the releasing of the fluoride is good, but the releasing of the fluoride will gradually dissipate, because it gets out of the product. The newer product that I’m going to show you in a minute, for the first time in dentistry, does not deplete its reservoir during service.

    What’s a competitive product with GC Fuji Automix LC? 3M Ketac Nano, been around a while. And what can you use that works like a composite that actually releases fluoride? One we use fairly often is a filler, Dyract Xtra, from our friends at Dentsply. So, I’ve given you a little variety there. But here’s the new thing. Are you awake right now? Infinix. It’s a composite. Are they really attempting to sell you the composite? Yeah. But they’re really attempting to sell you the concept. What’s the concept? There’s a benzoguanamine chloride addition to the molecule, and that benzoguanamine chloride actually, as any organism touches it, dies! Dies!

    So, you have an antimicrobiologic composite for the first time in the history of dentistry. Are they going to just sell that? No, they’re going to sell the concept to the other material companies that are making your composite resins. You’re going to see a major change coming up very shortly with this concept of benzoguanamine chloride in the molecule itself. Now, I wanna give you a current state of the art, and I’ll finish this little technique series for you. The current combination of glass ionomer and composite is a major good way to do your current restorative dentistry, before these other antimicrobiologic materials come along.

    You’ve got either a – in this case, a dentin replacement, which I’m going to show you in a minute, or you’ve got it as – such as this one, where there’s no glass ionomer on the external. It’s all covered over. So, there are two ways to do it. You’re looking at this little slide down here that shows the old-fashioned sandwich technique. But let’s modify it. Here I go. You ready? Extracted tooth, obviously. Prep, huge prep. Too big, but that would be a replacement of an old amalgam or an old composite. Two 1-minute applications of 5 percent glutaraldehyde, 35 percent hydroxyethylmethacrylate. The most commonly used product has been Gluma. A less expense one is MicroPrime G, which many are using. That’s what I’m using, right there. Okay.

    Two, one-minute application kills [with emphasis] the microorganisms to the pulp. Without doing that, all you’re doing is putting a plug in the hole, giving the microorganism something to eat. It’s pathetic. Now, what have we got? Suction the liquid off. Don’t blow it off, because that glutaraldehyde getting on the soft tissue irritates it a little bit. Keep it in the tooth. Suck it off! Then what? In comes the – one of the new glass ionomers. We’re looking at Equia Forte right there. You squeeze that in, you use an instrument of whatever turns you on. I like those little Colona instruments on the left. Rella tends to like the one from Ivoclar you’re looking at on the right.

    But you’re putting a coating on the inside of that prep. And then, what are you going to do? You haven’t acid etched. You haven’t done anything. All you’ve done is impregnated the dentinal canals. And in a molar like that, there will be three million dentinal canals. Now, use your – whatever turns you on. Either a selective etch, such as I’m showing there, or a total etch is fine, or a self-etch. I tend to like a selective etch, because it – it does not alter any dentin that is exposed there, and it doesn’t harm the glass ionomer that’s partially set. That takes about two minutes to get it to that level. Then, a bonding agent over the top of it, such as you’re seeing there. And then, composite on the top, and a little finishing, and you end up with that.

    Now, what have you done? What have you done to that? I’ve been into this now about the time Cliff wanted me to get in. So, I’m going to show you the old sandwich technique again, in a larger view, and that’s what that looks like! If you were to look at the – this next image, one of the most important things is a good, dry field. We have a whole video on this now, the 3514. That’s showing preventive methods in restorative materials. I’d suggest you look at that video. Our websites I’ll give you in a minute, and our phone number. But what have we done with that technique? Look at it.

    Glass ionomer, as with most other restorations, a dry field is almost mandatory. We have a Young frame, a heavy rubber dam, and a clamp on the molar tooth that we’re going to be treating. And it is a first molar. The second molar is missing. As you look up closely, you will see demineralization going clear down below the clamp, into the dentin. So, this would be a Class V. Internally, it will be Equia Forte, which is what? You just saw the Universal – Ketac Universal, and this is the other company, and they’re both just equally as putty, as you will see in a minute. So, remember the technique, now. And we’re going to cut the prep with a standard 330 bur. I will do that and let you look at it, in just a moment.

    Couple things to notice here. Notice that the suction is coming horizontally off the lingual. And believe it or not, that will take away about 90 percent of any aerosol. Also, guess what? I’m cutting that prep – you’re hearing the electric handpiece go, right now. I’m cutting that prep without water. That’s been proven for many, many years. Don’t use water spray on a small prep. Now, I changed from a 330 to an 1156 round-ended bur. And now, we will use a tapered diamond to put a little bevel on the enamel part. You’ll notice there’s a bevel all the way around all of the enamel. We’re getting down into dentin, here. So, that does not need the bevel.

    And then, we will put a little retention in it. A one-quarter or one-half round bur is excellent. Don’t trust just the bond. The bevel here gives it retention, and the retention in the line angles, point angles, also gives it retention. A micro brush, as you can see, and Gluma, or any one of the others, but we actually use MicroPrime most of the time. How long does this go on? You should have it by now. Two, one-minute applications. Can you cut it shorter? Yeah. But it’s not quite as effective. And Rella would be berserk if I said that. She wants two, one-minute applications. After the glutaraldehyde, you could select whatever you want, the high HT, stands for high translucency. Don’t kid yourself. It isn’t.

    Either one is excellent. The fluoride release is outstanding. Okay? That goes right into the prep. I’m not using a conditioner, although the company suggests that could be done. It’s the same vehicle liquid as is in the material itself. The glass ionomer is now going internally. We’ll let it get a slight bit of body to it. And then, with an isopropyl alcohol lubricated instrument, this is the Colona set from American Eagle, I will compact that into place. Isn’t that a difference from the original glass ionomers? I mean, I can’t even compare it. It actually is quite – not putty, but at least it has a viscosity to it, which the older ones did not have. They were sticky and slimy. I couldn’t even do that, that I’ve just done, with the older one.

    Okay. What’s that looking like? It’s looking like we filled the internal. There’s a little slobber over the margins. We’ll get that in a minute. And I’ll show it to you. The glass ionomer is already set, and it hasn’t even been two minutes. It takes about two and a half minutes, so it is – it is rock, all the way around here. Now we’re going to acid etch. The gingival margin is basically dentin, or it’s close to dentin. So, we’ll acid etch the glass ionomer and the rest of the tooth prep. Normal etch, most popular of which, as you know, is the Ultradent product, Ultra-Etch. That started this whole gelatinous etching concept. And the normal 15 seconds.

    Now, the obvious question is, what does that do to the glass ionomer? And one of our scientists has shown very clearly that it makes it very irregular and so what? It has retention! There was excellent retention. What’s this? We just acid etched it, so what is this? It’s another little brief coat of glutaraldehyde, not two minutes. And then, you can either blot that, as I’m going to do right now, or you can use very slight air on it. Not much. And now, your normal bond over that acid-etched surface and over the glass ionomer, which is now roughened. Blow that thin. And in blowing it thin, we basically have got it one minor coat. And we will not cure that, because – you could cure it, but if you do, you see a little line juncture with the tooth.

    Now, we’re using Filtek Supreme Ultra in this particular one. And I’ll use the best instrument we have in dentistry right now, and that is my fat finger. And now, what do we have? We have something very cariostatic inside, and we have something very wear resistant and relatively aesthetic on the outside. Cure, now. That’s a VALO Light. Being cooled by the other dental assistant. We used a 7901 bur, and we then used a poly tip from Ivoclar, which is one of my very favorite polishing instruments. And that’s the net effect. Now, it’s a little darker than the tooth. Why is it? Because they’re all dehydrated.

    We’ll take the dam off and let you see it. Well, there is it! You can see when it comes back to the color of the tooth, it’s going to be pretty close. And nobody’s going to see it anyway, back there. But that is a real preventive restoration, leaking fluoride ion all around the margins of the composite. And that might be something you’ve never thought about before. What have you done? What have you done? Look at this. If this doesn’t impress you, you’ve been asleep! The disinfection goes clear to the pulp. The desensitization goes clear to the pulp, by the glutaraldehyde. There’s a chemical seal of the glass ionomer to the internal portion of the prep. I mean, literally, ionic exchange. There’s high fluoride release, provided by the glass ionomer, and there’s long-term caries prevention, provided by the fluoride, wear resistance by the composite, and aesthetic acceptability.

    Well, I’ve mumbled to you for 15 or 20 minutes. And if this interests you, go to our website. It’s pccdental.com, cliniciansreport.org. More importantly and more interesting, come to Utah. Cliff gives courses for us here routinely, and Cliff is the God of Endo. I hope you know that. He and a couple other guys rule that whole area. I congratulate you, Cliff. You’ve done an astounding job of making endo reliable, predictable, and not having endo fail after a few years. As they claim, 20 percent of American GP endo is in some way defective by, believe it or not, five years.

    Cliff, thanks for doing these little podcasts. I appreciate the opportunity to share a moment with you and hope the viewers got something out of this brief introduction. Watch now for oncoming antimicrobiologic materials. It’s the biggest jump we’ve had in restorative dentistry in many years! Infinix is the first product. Look at it. Thank you.

    SEGMENT 2: Post-Presentation Discussion

    Lisette

    Well, that was an excellent presentation. Dr. Christensen is a really polished speaker, and I really admire all the work he does with the Foundation, which is all non-profit, by the way.

    Cliff

    Yeah. I got a kick out of them all sitting out there in their chairs, in their black coats, their white coats, their blue coats, and the coats – the color of the coat meant something! It was like a code. And so, I was thinking, as I saw the presentation, we only have five people in our operation, but maybe we should have colored coats.

    Lisette

    Yeah. That might be helpful, so we can know [laughs] who does what job [laughs].

    Cliff

    A one-man band [laughs].

    Lisette

    Well, one thing that really struck me in the presentation, and part of the reason it struck me, because we had talked about it on a previous show, when we did a segment on the future of endodontics. And in that segment, you had said that there was a trend moving away from mechanical solutions toward biomedical solutions.

    Cliff

    Right.

    Lisette

    And that seems to be what we are seeing here, with the Infinix product, which is an antimicrobiologic composite, with the benzalkonium chloride in the molecule itself. And that makes any organism that touches it die. I think that’s what Dr. Christensen said.

    Cliff

    It’s exactly what he said. In fact, to play off of what you just said, in endodontics, we’re moving towards biomedical solutions to historically what were mechanical – they use mechanical problems to solve them. But an example would be gutta-percha. Something as simple as something that’s been around for over 100 years, but Nathan Lee, Dr. Lee, can take a long chain hydrocarbon, and he can pull it in these big machines. And then, then you can add nano particles. And nano particles mean we can control the heat wave, we can extend the heat wave, if you will. We can put in antimicrobial reagents. We can put in regenerative reagents. So, that’s gutta-percha.

    And then, of course, sealer, and you’ve seen that with really popular tricalcium silicates, known as bioceramic sealers. And in those cases, they like to talk about how they release calcium phosphate, which is a – it’s a regenerative material. So, yeah. We’re seeing that in our gutta-percha master cones, a lot of emphasis on sealers to make them more biocompatible and regenerative. So, yeah. Trends are coming. And then, like you said, the Infinix and its benzalkonium chloride is exactly that, with that release into the adjacent tooth structure, which we’ll talk about.

    Lisette

    Okay. So, Gordon also talked about the glass ionomers that have this fluoride-releasing capability. And I think he said it sounds like that there’s an initial burst, followed by three to five parts per million, over weeks, maybe months?

    Cliff

    Yeah. I actually – when I watched the show, I was embarrassed, but I had to contact Gordon again, because we hear a lot of claims in dentistry about – well, like the BCC sealers. They have a high pH. Well, how do you have a high pH? You’re releasing materials constantly. That could mean, according to Josette Camilleri, you could have degradation of the physical properties of the material, because things can’t just keep leaching out of material and still have the same physical properties. But Gordon personally answered my query, and he said essentially that there is the burst that you mentioned, and the 3- to 5-part-per-million, Rella measured it out for at least weeks to months.

    But Gordon said because of the electrochemical conductivity, when you put a glass ionomer like Infinix up against a prepared wall, you can have – it’s like a quaternary ammonium product, so it’s antibacterial. But it can penetrate deep into tubules. And then, there’s some kind of electrochemical, where there might be some exchange back and forth. But that just kind of goes on forever, apparently.

    Lisette

    Yeah. Well, I guess, is there – I guess there might not be concern about the physical properties changing, if something’s being released and not --

    Cliff

    That’s because it’s this kinda like – I got – I’m not an expert in restorative dentistry, but from the presentation and doing some homework, and then getting the answer to my query, it sounds like when you put these new – these are the new generation glass ionomers. They all had fluoride in them, but these release like never, ever before. That’s the whole distinction here. And he identified Infinix as the leader. And he even said that Infinix isn’t really – he said, of course they’re selling composites, but they’re selling the concept.

    And they would like their concept to be in all restoratives. The concept simply is benzalkonium chloride is an antimicrobial, and with the bonding in the tooth structure, and this electrochemical reaction back and forth through tubules and restorative, you maintain a completely antimicrobial environment.

    Lisette

    Yeah. I definitely – I think with the benzalkonium chloride in the molecule itself makes it work differently than maybe the traditional glass ionomers?

    Cliff

    Exactly.

    Lisette

    So, I think Gordon did tell you that the initial research looks very promising, but maybe they’re still going to do more research on it, I think?

    Cliff

    Well, I asked him this, because you’re getting a little ahead of me. Because that’s the homerun for endodontists, right? How do we close the access cavity?

    Lisette

    Okay. Well, I actually didn’t ask you that, but I was going to ask you that. Is that what you [laughs] --

    Cliff

    Well, yeah. Because I want to know, if this is so good for open sandwich and closed sandwich restorations, then what about the closed sandwich, where we have a four-wall – well, with the floor, we have five walls. But if we have axial walls and a floor, could we use his concept to repair through an existing restorative that’s well fitting and aesthetically pleasing, biologically acceptable to the soft tissue, could we patch our endodontic access cavity preparation with what he just showed? And he said more research would be needed.

    But he said what I thought right here is, “What’s there not to like, Cliff? Glutaraldehyde kills bacteria! Glass ionomers like benzalkonium chloride create that interface.” And he said, “The composites wear like enamel in a restorative.” So, he was very, very excited about it.

    Lisette

    Okay. Well, yeah. It does look like there’s a lot of promise in the future as far as glass ionomers go, and I’m really glad that we could have that kind of different kind of presentation than we would normally do. So, we’ll do it again in the future.

    Cliff

    Yeah. So, thank you, Gordon. It was fabulous! You hit it right out of the park. The viewers are going to love it. And I have Infinix on order.

    CLOSE: Show & Tell

    Lisette

    So, we’re going to close our show today with some show and tell. Are you ready for some show and tell?

    Cliff

    I absolutely am. In fact, why don’t you go first?

    Lisette

    Okay. Is what I brought for show and tell is, I brought my black belt, because I train in karate. Our system is Shaolin Kempo, and when I say “our system,” I mean I train with my son, Isaac, and Eva, my daughter used to train as well. So, when I say “our system,” I mean United Studios of Self-Defense. So, anyway, this is – means Shaolin Chuen Fa, and that is our system, Shaolin Kempo, which means the law of the fist is what Kempo is. So, anyway, I started training in 2009, and at that point, Isaac, my son, had already been training for 4 years, since he was 6. And I watched him every lesson, and I was thinking, “You know, I can do this. I think I can do this stuff.”

    And I was always kind of athletic and worked out a lot. So, after my divorce, I decided, “You know what? This will be a new start.” And so, I started training, and you know, this doesn’t represent to me like so much as an accomplishment, as it represents like a journey and the path my life has taken. It took me five years to get my black belt, but that involved taking off a year because of a torn ACL, which I tore in karate, doing a jumping scissor kick. Then, I also went to China, twice, during that time, in 2011 and 2013. And we trained at the Shaolin Temple.

    And here I have a picture of us at the Shaolin Temple. This is my new husband, Adam. He’s an – he does karate, too, but he’s in a different system of karate. And since that time, Eva has quit karate, but I’m always hopeful that she’s going to get back into it. She quit at a brown belt. And so, me, Adam, and Isaac are all black belts. And the interesting thing about that is, I actually have trained longer since my black belt than before my black belt.

    Cliff

    That’s impressive.

    Lisette

    And to me, it’s just a lifestyle. And I train with Isaac, my son, and we trained all last year during COVID, too. We kept that going. So, we’re pretty strict about training. And I have to say that one thing you said to me, a long time ago, and I think we might’ve even talked about it on our show before, and I thought of this one day when I was running. Right after I took my karate test, in 2014, I – while I was running in the morning, it wasn’t even light yet, I was thinking, “Before enlightenment, chop wood, carry water. After enlightenment, chop wood, carry water.”

    I’m going to [laughs] start crying. And so, I’m – for me, it’s just been the same thing, after. I trained as hard as I could before, and I train as hard as I can every day. Every day that I train, I put in 100 percent, and I – I even told my sensei, “I think I’m going to know you for a very long time.” So, I plan to keep training. So, for me, it’s – I mean, I’m happy I accomplished this, but at the same time, it’s more like a life choice, and I plan to keep training for a long time. So, for me, it just represents a journey that I’m on.

    Cliff

    I don’t think for you it was ever about the stripes. I think it was like the road to excellence is an endless journey.

    Lisette

    No, as a matter of fact, my – I told my sensei and Isaac, we both agreed that you know what? We’re not even looking to test, because we’re not about what rank we are. I don’t need to have that validation that I’m a certain rank. I said, “We just wanna keep training, and we just wanna keep training forever. So, just please keep teaching us new things and we’ll just keep practicing the old things, too.’” So, that’s – for me, it’s just something I do as part of my life now.

    Cliff

    Wow, that’s awesome.

    Lisette

    So, what about you? What did you bring to share?

    Cliff

    Well, nothing about me personally. So, this is about my pop. He was 95 when he passed away. Anyway, he went to Wichita, Kansas. He went to intermediate school, and that was 1932, ’33, and ’34. So, he was – he was born in 1917, so that was like 15, 16, and 17. So, he was just coming into his own. And he was a swimmer on the high school team, and he was a wrestler and a very good wrestler. He had some records. And then, he was probably the best in track and field. And he was good at the boys’ mile and the 800. So, anyway, what I have, to get to the story, is this.

    And what this is, is a baton. My dad’s hero, growing up, was his idol, Glenn Cunningham, who has been declared America’s best miler. And Glenn Cunningham was at the University of Kansas. So, my dad was in high school, so his hero was ahead of him in college, and he was running for the Kansas track team, and he was – he had two records. And in fact, he broke – he set the world record in the mile at 4.06. And years later, when my dad was showing me this, I wanted to know all about it. I thought this was his baton. He went to a track meet, because his coach knew the coach at University of Kansas, and the high school coach wanted his kids to see how the big guys did it and to get training, the temperance and all the things they had to do.

    And at that race, Glenn Cunningham won in a four-by relay, and my dad was talking to him afterwards, and my dad was like – you know, he was talking to Glenn Cunningham, who set the mile. And Glenn gave him this. And this was the baton that he had used in some of his victories, with the four-by miler. So, anyway, years later, I was talking to my brother-in-law, a retired dentist – in fact, just recently, and I knew that my dad was a really good miler. He had the high school record. In fact, he had the boys’ high school record for some years after he left middle school – intermediate school. But what I found out is, he ran within 6 seconds of the – of Cunningham’s record of 4:06, when he was in high school.

    Lisette

    Wow.

    Cliff

    So --

    Lisette

    Now, I see that there’s something inside of it.

    Cliff

    -- oh.

    Lisette

    You don’t have to take it out.

    Cliff

    I wasn’t going to take it out for today, but there’s a lot of mementoes in here and plaques he got that were paper in that day, and they’re rolled up in here. And the badge he had on his coat, for his chest and on his sleeve, and so, anyway, I was – I knew about this growing up, but he rarely ever talked about it. But then, when he was getting older, he asked me if I’d like this. So, I said, “Absolutely!”

    Lisette

    Well, it’s kind of like a part of him that you have, now.

    Cliff

    Well, I thought, when he gave this to me, he was actually passing on the baton.

    Lisette

    [laughs] It is a little – this is a little bit emotional. Well, you know, one thing that’s really funny, a story about Grampa Ruddle, I remember when we lived at our old house. And I – I think I was like ten years old, and I was quite into running then, too. And I remember [laughs] Grampa asked me if we wanted to race up the street. And so, I said, “Sure!” Because I thought for sure I could beat my grampa [laughs].

    Cliff

    How old was he?

    Lisette

    He was probably at least 70, then. I mean, this was like a long time before he died. And so, he was actually wearing slip-on shoes. And so, I’m like, “Okay. We’ll race.” And so, I just ran as fast as I could, and I realized – I heard some strange noise, and I – I --

    Cliff

    [laughs]

    Lisette

    -- he was behind me. Well, he ran right out of his shoes. [laughs] And so, that was funny, that he had no care about his shoes. He was just going to run as fast as he could. That – that was – it was something I’ll never forget.

    Cliff

    Well, I liked your story of the black belt, because to me, what it represented is just what you said. You don’t stop doing something when you arrive. You keep going.

    Lisette

    Right. All right. Well, that’s our show for today. And see you next time on The Ruddle Show.

    END

    Disclaimer

    The content presented in this show is made available in an effort to share opinions and information. Note the opinions expressed by Dr. Cliff Ruddle are his opinions only and are based on over 40 years of endodontic practice and product development, direct personal observation, fellow colleague reports, and/or information gathered from online sources. Any opinions expressed by the hosts and/or guests reflect their opinions and are not necessarily the views of The Ruddle Show. While we have taken every precaution to ensure that the content of this material is both current and accurate, errors can occur. The Ruddle Show, Advanced Endodontics, and its hosts/guests assume no responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions. Any reproduction of show content is strictly forbidden.

    DISCLOSURE: Please note that Dr. Ruddle has received royalties on and/or continues to receive royalties on those products he has designed and developed. A complete listing of those products may be found at www.endoruddle.com/inventions.

    Watch Season 11

    1:11:03

    s11 e01

    Delving Deeper Again

    Financial Investing, the Tooth or Implant, Accessing & Flashing Back

    02:11

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S11

    Watch Season 10

    1:02:43

    s10 e01

    Delving Deeper

    Progressive Tapers & DSO Troubles

    1:01:23

    s10 e02

    The Dark Side & Internal Resorption

    The Resilon Disaster & Managing Internal Resorptions

    56:14

    s10 e03

    Advanced Endodontic Diagnosis

    Endodontic Radiolucency or Serious Pathology?

    1:05:51

    s10 e04

    Endo History & the MB2

    1948 Endo Article & Finding the MB2

    59:40

    s10 e05

    Collaborations & Greatness

    Crown Removal vs. Working Through & Thermal Burns Q&A

    58:25

    s10 e06

    Vital Pulp Therapy

    Regenerative Endodontics in Adolescents

    1:08:49

    s10 e07

    Endodontic Surgery & Innovation

    Surgery Photo Review & Exciting New Technology

    49:25

    s10 e08

    Clinician Influence & Fractures

    Swaying Treatment & Radicular Root Fractures

    00:55

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S10

    Watch Season 9

    51:55

    s09 e01

    Moving with the Cheese & Delving Deeper

    A Better Understanding of Change & File Brushing

    59:18

    s09 e02

    The Dark Side & Post Removal

    Industry Payments to Academics & Removing a Screw Post

    49:02

    s09 e03

    3D Tomosynthesis

    Special Guest Presentation by Dr. Don Tyndall

    1:03:30

    s09 e04

    Controversies & Iatrogenic Events

    Sharing Knowledge Pros/Cons & Type II Transportations

    51:49

    s09 e05

    File Movement & Learning

    Manual and Mechanical Options & Endoruddle Recommendation

    58:02

    s09 e06

    AAE & Endo/Perio Considerations

    Annual Meeting & Root Amp, Hemisections & Implants, Oh My!

    1:07:27

    s09 e07

    Knowing the Difference & Surgery

    Case Discernment & Lateral Repair

    1:01:26

    s09 e08

    Fresh Perspective & Apical Divisions

    Fast Healing & Irregular GPM and Cone Fit

    00:36

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S09

    Watch Season 8

    54:40

    s08 e01

    Endo/Perio Considerations & Recent Article

    Crestal/Furcal Defects & ProTaper Ultimate

    1:00:50

    s08 e02

    WaveOne Gold

    Special Guest Presentation by Dr. Julian Webber

    58:27

    s08 e03

    Microscope Tips & Perforation Management

    Q&A and Crestal & Furcal Perf Repair

    1:03:58

    s08 e04

    Knowing the Difference & Calcification

    Esthetic vs. Cosmetic Dentistry & Managing Calcified Canals

    50:09

    s08 e05

    Tough Questions & Sealer-Based Obturation

    The Loose Tooth & Guest Dr. Josette Camilleri

    1:01:22

    s08 e06

    AAE Discussion Forum & 3D Irrigation

    Trending Topics & the SLP EndoActivator

    58:14

    s08 e07

    Working Length & Microscope Tips

    Determining Accurate WL & Microscope Q&A, Part 2

    54:01

    s08 e08

    Artificial Intelligence & Common Errors

    Incorporating AI & Endo/Restorative Errors

    01:30

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S08

    Special Reports

    1:35:01

    special e06

    SPECIAL REPORT: RUDDLE ON DISINFECTION

    As Presented at the John Ingle Endo Symposium

    48:47

    special e05

    SPECIAL REPORT: THE KISS PRINCIPLE

    The Importance of Simplicity & Getting Back to Basics

    51:45

    special e04

    SPECIAL REPORT: RUDDLE ON RUDDLE

    Personal Interview on the Secrets to Success

    52:52

    special e03

    SPECIAL REPORT: PROTAPER ULTIMATE

    The Launch of an Improved File System

    36:27

    special e02

    SPECIAL REPORT: COVID-19

    The Way Forward

    Watch Season 7

    51:31

    s07 e01

    Articles & Preferred Access

    Writing Projects & Ruddle’s Start-to-Finish Access

    1:01:29

    s07 e02

    Patient Protocol & Post Removal

    CBCT & the Post Removal System

    57:51

    s07 e03

    Avoiding Burnout & Ledge Management

    Giving New Life to Your Practice & Managing Ledges

    50:07

    s07 e04

    Start-To-Finish Endodontics

    Special Guest Presentation featuring Dr. Gary Glassman

    47:02

    s07 e05

    Laser Disinfection & Obturation

    The Lightwalker vs. EdgePRO Lasers and Q&A

    52:19

    s07 e06

    Extra-Canal Invasive Resorption

    Special Case Report by Dr. Terry Pannkuk

    54:18

    s07 e07

    GentleWave & Microsurgery

    Every Patient Considerations & Surgical Crypt Control

    45:40

    s07 e08

    Artificial Intelligence & Endodontic Concepts

    Update on AI in Dentistry and Q&A

    00:53

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S07

    Watch Season 6

    47:48

    s06 e01

    Comparisons & NSRCT

    Chelator vs NaOCl and Managing Type I Transportations

    55:57

    s06 e02

    Special Guest Presentation

    Dr. Marco Martignoni on Modern Restoration Techniques

    50:41

    s06 e03

    International Community & Surgery

    Breaking Language Barriers & MB Root Considerations

    46:19

    s06 e04

    Launching Dreams

    ProTaper Ultimate Q&A and Flying a Kite

    52:01

    s06 e05

    Rising to the Challenge

    Working with Family & Managing an Irregular Glide Path

    45:47

    s06 e06

    Controversy… or Not

    Is the Endodontic Triad Dead or Stuck on Semantics?

    49:35

    s06 e07

    Endodontic Vanguard

    Zoom with Dr. Sonia Chopra and ProTaper Ultimate Q&A, Part 2

    54:32

    s06 e08

    Nonsurgical Retreatment

    Carrier-Based Obturation Removal & MTA vs. Calcium Hydroxide

    02:07

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Trailer S06

    Watch Season 5

    1:03:57

    s05 e01

    Common Endo Errors & Discipline Overlap

    Apical and Lateral Blocks & Whose Job Is It?

    53:04

    s05 e02

    Post Removal & Discounts

    Post Removal with Ultrasonics & Why Discounts are Problematic

    58:38

    s05 e03

    EndoActivator History & Technique

    How the EndoActivator Came to Market & How to Use It

    59:36

    s05 e04

    Gamechangers

    New Disinfection Technology and Q&A

    53:47

    s05 e05

    Exploration & Disassembly

    Exploratory Treatment & the Coronal Disassembly Decision Tree

    52:40

    s05 e06

    Advancements in Gutta Percha Technology

    Zoom Interview with Dr. Nathan Li

    53:35

    s05 e07

    By Design... Culture & Surgical Flaps

    Intentional Practice Culture & Effective Flap Design

    1:01:35

    s05 e08

    Workspaces & Calcium Hydroxide

    Ruddle Workspaces Tour & Calcium Hydroxide Q&A

    49:52

    s05 e09

    Cognitive Dissonance

    Discussion and Case Reports

    52:14

    s05 e10

    50 Shows Special

    A Tribute to The Ruddle Show’s First 5 Seasons

    01:04

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Intro S05

    Watch Season 4

    55:16

    s04 e01

    Tough Questions & SINE Tips

    Who Pays for Treatment if it Fails and Access Refinement

    54:02

    s04 e02

    Endodontic Diagnosis

    Assessing Case Difficulty & Clinical Findings

    50:12

    s04 e03

    CBCT & Incorporating New Technology

    Zoom with Prof. Shanon Patel and Q&A

    56:53

    s04 e04

    Best Sealer & Best Dental Team

    Kerr Pulp Canal Sealer EWT & Hiring Staff

    49:44

    s04 e05

    Ideation & The COVID Era

    Zoom with Dr. Gary Glassman and Post-Interview Discussion

    59:00

    s04 e06

    Medications and Silver Points

    Dental Medications Q&A and How to Remove Silver Points

    53:40

    s04 e07

    Tough Questions & Choices

    The Appropriate Canal Shape & Treatment Options

    53:15

    s04 e08

    Q&A and Recently Published Articles

    Glide Path/Working Length and 2 Endo Articles

    46:19

    s04 e09

    Hot Topic with Dr. Gordon Christensen

    Dr. Christensen Presents the Latest in Glass Ionomers

    50:44

    s04 e10

    AAE Annual Meeting and Q&A

    Who is Presenting & Glide Path/Working Length, Part 2

    00:52

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Intro S04

    01:43

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Promo S04

    Watch Season 3

    48:42

    s03 e01

    Treatment Rationale & Letters of Recommendation

    Review of Why Pulps Break Down & Getting a Helpful LOR

    52:27

    s03 e02

    Profiles in Dentistry & Gutta Percha Removal

    A Closer Look at Dr. Rik van Mill & How to Remove Gutta Percha

    48:10

    s03 e03

    Artificial Intelligence & Endo Questions

    AI in Dentistry and Some Trending Questions

    58:54

    s03 e04

    How to Stay Safe & Where to Live

    A New Microscope Shield & Choosing a Dental School/Practice Location

    48:20

    s03 e05

    3D Disinfection

    Laser Disinfection and Ruddle Q&A

    48:28

    s03 e06

    Andreasen Tribute & Krakow Study

    Endodontic Trauma Case Studies & the Cost of Rescheduling

    55:22

    s03 e07

    Ruddle Projects & Diagnostic Imaging

    What Ruddle Is Working On & Interpreting Radiographs

    1:05:24

    s03 e08

    Obturation & Recently Published Article

    Carrier-Based Obturation & John West Article

    55:48

    s03 e09

    Retreatment Fees & the FRS

    How to Assess the Retreatment Fee & the File Removal System

    1:00:42

    s03 e10

    Research Methodology and Q&A

    Important Research Considerations and ProTaper Q&A

    00:44

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Opener S03

    01:05

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Promo S03

    Watch Season 2

    51:43

    s02 e01

    ENDO 101: WAVEONE GOLD

    Product History, Description & Technique

    51:42

    s02 e02

    Interview with Dr. Terry Pannkuk

    Dr. Pannkuk Discusses Trends in Endodontic Education

    58:21

    s02 e03

    3D Disinfection

    GentleWave Update and Intracanal Reagents

    1:04:53

    s02 e04

    GPM & Local Dental Reps

    Glide Path Management & Best Utilizing Dental Reps

    1:01:10

    s02 e05

    3D Disinfection & Fresh Perspective on MIE

    Ultrasonic vs. Sonic Disinfection Methods and MIE Insight

    53:03

    s02 e06

    The ProTaper Story - Part 1

    ProTaper’s 20+ Year Journey as Told by the Creators, the 3 Amigos

    57:53

    s02 e07

    The ProTaper Story - Part 2

    ProTaper’s 20+ Year Journey as Told by the Creators, the 3 Amigos

    1:06:40

    s02 e08

    Interview with Dr. Cherilyn Sheets

    Getting to Know this Top Clinician, Educator & Researcher

    1:13:21

    s02 e09

    Broken Instrument Removal

    Why Files Break & the Ultrasonic Removal Option

    49:01

    s02 e10

    3D Obturation & Technique Tips

    Warm Vertical Condensation Technique & Some Helpful Pointers

    01:05

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Promo S02

    00:44

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Opener S02

    Watch Season 1

    45:30

    s01 e01

    An Interview with Cliff Ruddle

    The Journey to Becoming “Cliff”

    52:35

    s01 e02

    Microcracks & the Inventor's Journey

    Ruddle Insights into Two Key Topics

    47:17

    s01 e03

    Around the World Perspective

    GentleWave Controversy & China Lecture Tour

    40:29

    s01 e04

    Endodontic Access

    What is the Appropriate Access Size?

    52:13

    s01 e05

    Locating Canals & Ledge Insight

    Tips for Finding Canals & the Difference Between a Ledge and an Apical Seat

    53:14

    s01 e06

    Censorship in Dentistry

    Censorship in Dentistry and Overcooked Files

    50:22

    s01 e07

    Endodontic Diagnosis & The Implant Option

    Vital Pulp Testing & Choosing Between an Implant or Root Canal

    55:30

    s01 e08

    Emergency Scenario & Single Cone Obturation

    Assessing an Emergency & Single Cone Obturation with BC Sealer

    49:36

    s01 e09

    Quackwatch & Pot of Gold

    Managing the Misguided Patient & Understanding the Business of Endo

    58:05

    s01 e10

    Stress Management

    Interview with Motivational Speaker & Life Coach, Jesse Brisendine

    00:56

    The Ruddle Show

    Commercial Opener S01

    Continue Watching

    01:23

    Behind-the-Scenes PODCAST Construction

    Timelapse Video

    02:21

    CHECK IN with CLIFF

    08.31.2023 Update

    03:27

    CHECK IN with CLIFF

    02.02.2023 Update

    01:56

    CHECK IN with CLIFF

    03.03.2022 Update

    01:53

    Happy New Year

    2020

    01:52

    Behind-the-Scenes Studio Construction

    Timelapse

    The Ruddle Show
    Season 11

    Release Date Show Get Notified
    03/06/24
    SHOW 91 - Delving Deeper Again
    Financial Investing, the Tooth or Implant, Accessing & Flashing Back
    Watch
    04/03/24
    SHOW 92
    Title Coming Soon
    05/01/24
    SHOW 93
    Title Coming Soon
    06/05/24
    SHOW 94
    To Be Determined
    07/03/24
    SHOW 95
    To Be Determined
    08/07/24
    SHOW 96
    To Be Determined
    09/04/24
    SHOW 97
    To Be Determined
    10/02/24
    SHOW 98
    To Be Determined
    11/06/24
    SHOW 99
    To Be Determined
    12/04/24
    SHOW 100
    To Be Determined
    Thank you for your rating
    Thank you for your comment

    Note: Comments are moderated and may take some time before they appear on the website.

    Thank you for your question

    Note: Submitted questions have been forwarded to The Ruddle Show team for future follow up either directly or within an upcoming show. Please be on the lookout! In the meantime, you may enjoy our Just-In-Time portal at endoruddle.com/jit for additional content, including FREE downloadable PDFs and educational videos.